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Weights, measures, and Sizes
The U.S. uses predominantly the English (inch, foot, yard,
mile) system
of measurement at this time. we are gradually changing over to
the
metric system, but most measurement continues to be in the English
system.
Weights and Measures
Linear Measure
Personal height is expressed in feet and inches. To convert
centimeters
to inches, multiply the number of centimeters by .39. To convert
inches
to centimeters, multiply the number of inches by 2.54.
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Inches Feet Yards miles
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1 millimeter .04 inches
1 centimeter .39 inches
2.54 centimeters 1 inch (In)
30.58 centimeters 12 inches 1 foot (I')
1 meter 39.4 inches 3.28 feet 1.09 yards
91.44 centimeters 36 inches 3 feet 1 yard
1 kilometer 3274 feet 1091 yards .62 miles
1.6 kilometers 5280 feet 1760 yards 1 mile
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Dry Measure
Americans use the Avoirdupois system based on a pound (Ib.)
weighing
16 ounces (oz.). To convert grams to ounces, multiply the number
of
grams by .03527. To convert ounces to grams, multiply the number
of
ounces by 28.35. To convert kilos to pounds, multiply the number
of
kilos by 2.2046. To convert pounds to kilos, multiply the number
of
pounds by .4536. In the U.S. this system is used for personal
weight
and for weighing many commodities including meats, vegetables,
sugar,
coffee, butter, etc.
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Ounces Pounds Tons
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1 grahm .03527 ounces
28.35 grams 1 ounce .0625 pounds
0.4536 kilograms 16 ounces 1 pound
1 kilogram 35.2 ounces 2.2 pounds
907.2 kilograms 2,000 pounds 1 ton
I metric ton 2,200 pounds 1.1 tons
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Liquid Measure
The English system of liquid measure, as used in the U.S.,
includes the
teaspoon (top or t.), the tablespoon (tbs or T.), the cup (C.)
the pint
(pt.), the quart (qt.) and the gallon (gal.). You muet use special
utensils to measure these amounts correctly. Tableware may measure
incorrect portions.
English/English Equivalents English/International Equivalents
3tsp........1 Tbsp. 1tsp.................5 milliliters
4Tbsp......1/4 c.......2 oz. 1Tbsp............15 ml.
Ic..............8oz. 1c....................227 ml.
2c............1 pint.....16 oz. 2c...................454 ml.
2pts........1qt.........32 oz. Iqt.................1.10 liters
4qt...........1gal. Ipt...................55 liter
1gallon...........4.40 liters
1 liter............91 qt.
Commonly Used Cooking Measurements
*For best results in cooking, it is important to use the right measurements. Use dry measuring cups (they come in 1/4, 1/3 1/2 and 1 cup sizes) for measuring flour, sugar, shortening and various chopped or minced foods.
*Use a glass measuring cup to measure any kind of liquid
*Use measuring spoons (they come in 1/4, 1/2, 1 tsp and 1 Tbsp sizes) to measure such ingredients as lemon juice, flavorings, salt, spices, etc.
*The term "dash" indicates less than 1/8 tsp.
*Certain ingredients, such as flour and powdered sugar should be spooned into the measuring cup and leveled off with a knife. Do not pack down.
Measure Equivalent One-Pound Equilvalents
3 tsp.....................1 Tbsp 2 cups butter
1/3 cup...................5 Tbsp plus 1 tsp 4 cups all purpose
flour
1 cup.......................16 Tbsp 2 cups granulated sugar
2 cups.....................1 pint 3 1/2 cups sifted powdered
sugar
4 cups.....................1 quart 2 cups milk
4 quarts.................1 gallon 9 medium eggs
1oz...........................2 Tbsp 2 2/3 cups oatmeal or brown
Sugar
16 oz.......................1 pound 1 7/8 cups rice
2 1/3 cups dry beans
2 cups ground, packed meat
Metric Measure
1 tsp.....................5 milliliters
1 Tbsp..................15 milliliters
1 cup.....................240 milliliters
1 oz.......................28 grams
1 lb........................454 grams
Can Number Weight Cup
No. 300 14 to 16 oz 1 3/4 cups
No. 303 16 to 17 oz 2 cups
No. 2 1 lb, 4 oz 2 1/2 cups
No. 2 1/2 1 1b, 13 oz 3 1/2 cups
No. 10 6 1/2 to 7 1/4 lbs 12 to 13 cups
Equivalent Pan Sizes
Use 2 8-inch layer pans or 1 1/2 to 2 dozen cupcakes in
muffin tins
Use 3 8-inch layer pans or 2 9-inch square pans
Use 1 9-inch layer pan or 1 8-inch square pan
Use 2 9-inch layer pans or 1 13-by-9-inch pan. or
1 9-inch tube pan or 2 8-inch
square pans
Use 1 9-by-5-inch loaf pan or 2 dozen cupcakes in muffin
tins.
Misc.
1/4 cup egg beater= 1 egg
3 Tblsp Coco + 1 Tblsp shortening oil= 1 sq oz unsweetened baking
chocolate
Cooking Temperatures:
very slow oven 107 degrees C 225 degrees F
Slow oven 149 degrees C 300 degrees F
Moderate oven 177 degrees C 350 degrees F
Hot oven 218 degrees C 425 degrees F
Very hot oven 232 degrees C 450-500 degrees F
Butter Measurements
1/4 cup= 4 Tbsp
1/3 cup= 5 1/3 Tbsp
1/2 cup= 8 Tbsp (1 Stick)
Temperature
The Fahrenheit system is used to read temperature in the U.S.
To convert
Fahrenheit (F) to Centigrade (C), subtract 32 from F and divide
by 1.8.
To convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit, multiply C by 1.8 and add
32. Water
boils at 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Water freezes at 0 degrees
C or
32 degrees P.
Centigrade Fahrenheit
-30 degrees -22 degrees
-20 degrees -4 degrees
-10 degrees 14 degrees
0degrees 32 degrees
10 degrees 50 degrees
20 degrees 68 degrees
30 degrees 86 degrees
38 degrees 100 degrees
Body Temperature
Normal body temperature (by oral thermometer) is 98.6 degrees
F or
37.0 degrees C. Normal body temperature may vary between 97.6
degrees
and 99.6 degrees F.
Centigrade Fahrenheit
low fever 37.8 degrees - 38.3 degrees 100 degrees - 101 degrees
high fever 38.9 degrees - 40.6 degrees 102 degrees - 104 degrees
Time Zones
The continental U.S. is divided into four time zones: Eastern,
Central,
Mountain and Pacific. Illinois is in the Central Time zone. Traveling
from the west coast to the east coast, you should set your watch
ahead
one hour each time you enter a new time zone.
From the first Sunday in April until the last Sunday in October,
the u.s.
uses Daylight Savings Time. The newspapers and television will
remind
you that you should set your clocks forward one hour on the last
Sunday
in April and then set them back again on the last Sunday in October.
There is a saying that helps you to rem@er., "Spring ahead,
Fall back."
Clothing Sizes
Women's Sizes
Women's clothing is generally divided into two categories:
"misses"
sizes which are even numbers (8, 10, 12, 14, 16) and juniors sizes
which are odd numbers (5, 7, 9, 11, 13). Junior sizes are made
slightly smaller, slimmer, and shorter. "Petite" sizes
are designed
for women under 5141, in height; both misses and junior sizes
may
sometimes be marked petite.
Misses Dresses, Suits and Coats
Continent 36 38 40 42 44 46
U.K. 30 32 34 36 38 40
U.S. 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 18
Women's Blouses and Sweaters
Continent 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
U.K. 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
U.S. 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Women's Shoes
Continent 35 36 37 38 39 40
U.S. 5 6 6 7 8 9
Men's Sizes
Men's clothing for suits is usually determined by chest measurement;
for pants it is determined by waist measurement and length of
the inseam
of the leg; shirt sizes are determined by the measurement around
the neck
and measurement from the middle of the back of the neck across
the shoulder
down the elbow with arm extended, to the wrist. Most men's sweaters
are
marked "small," "medium," "large,"
and "extra large.11
Men's Suits, Sweaters and Overcoats
Continent 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
u.K.1u.s. 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
Men's Dress Shirts
Continent 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
U.K./U.S. 14 14 1/2 15 15 1/2 16 16 1/2 17
Men's Shoes
Continent 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
U.K. 6 1/2 7 7 1/2 8 8 1/2 9 9 1/2
U.S. 7 7 1/2 8 8 1/2 9 9 1/2 10
Children's Sizes
Children's clothing is sized according to age from infancy
through
approximately six years. A child will wear a larger size than
what his
or her age indicates. Always consider the child's height and
weight and
do not hesitate to ask salespeople for advice or assistance.
Children's Dresses, Suits, Coats
Continent & U.K. 1 2 5 7 9 10 12
U.S. 2 4 6 8 10 13 15
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